SPATIOTEMPORAL TRENDS OF REPORTED GENDER-BASED CRIMES IN PANGASINAN, PHILIPPINES FROM 2020 TO 2025

Abstract

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a persistent public safety and human rights concern that disproportionately affects women and children. This study examined the trends and distribution of reported gender-based crimes in Pangasinan, Philippines, from 2020 to 2025, focusing on rape, violations of Republic Act No. 9262 (the Anti-Violence Against Women and Their Children Act), acts of lasciviousness, and sexual harassment. Using a descriptive trend analysis design, secondary data were obtained from police records maintained by the Women and Children Protection Desk of the Pangasinan Police Provincial Office. A total of 4,312 reported GBV incidents were recorded during the study period. Rape accounted for the highest proportion of reported cases, followed by violations of Republic Act No. 9262, acts of lasciviousness, and sexual harassment. Trend analysis revealed a significant overall decline in reported GBV incidents across six years. Spatial analysis showed that Urdaneta City, Dagupan City, and San Carlos City consistently recorded the highest numbers of reported cases, while temporal analysis indicated that most incidents were reported during the evening (PM) hours. Despite the observed downward trend, the findings demonstrate that gender-based violence remains a significant concern in Pangasinan. The study underscores the need to strengthen reporting mechanisms, enhance public awareness initiatives, and expand victim protection and support services. These findings provide an evidence base for policymakers, law enforcement agencies, and local government units in developing targeted prevention strategies and improving interventions to reduce gender-based violence.